Secure Data Transfer in Video Data Hiding Using DCT, CDCS and Blowfish Algorithm

Mr. M. Karthik (Research scholar)

Department of Computer Science

Tamil University, Thanjavur

Tamilnadu,india

Karthikrj69@gmail.com

Mr. K. Ravikumar (Assistant Professor)

Department of Computer Science

Tamil University, Thanjavur

Tamilnadu,india

ravikasi2011@yahoo.com

Abstract: Steganography is the art or apply of concealing a communication, image, or file within another image, or file. Video data hiding is still an important study topic due to the design complexities concerned. In this thesis Video Steganography is develop to improve security of information by hiding data inside video. There are many methods in the existing system like hiding data within image and using cryptography techniques for defending secured information, but this technique hide message into the image file so extend video steganography using DCT and CDCS Technique to hide text, doc file, image file inside the video file to increase security and secure information length. This method also contains a temporal synchronization plan in arrange to with stand frame drop and inserts attacks. The hidden data can be recovered reliably attacks, such as data compression and limited amounts of image tampering and image resizing. Video inside hidden object encrypt and decrypt using blowfish algorithm reason is to get better security for user secret data’s

Keywords: Information Hiding, DCT, Video, CDCS, Blowfish, Encryption Process, Decryption Process, selective embedding

                                                                                                                                                                I.          Introduction

The well-known of the Internet and WWW has changed the method digital data is handled. Data hiding deals with the facility of embedding data into a digital cover with a minimum amount of perceivable squalor, i.e., the embedded data is hidden or low to a human observer. Data hiding consists of two sets of data, specifically the cover medium and the embedding data, which is called the message. Transform domain is generally preferred for hiding data since, for the equal strength as for the spatial domain; the result is more satisfying to the Human Visual System (HVS).

We seek to embed much larger volumes of data than required for hiding inside the video, targeting applications such as steganography and seamless upgrade of communication and storage systems, rather than digital privileges management. Second, because of our target applications, we aim for strength not against malicious attacks such as Stir mark’s geometric attacks, but against “natural” attacks, such as compression (e.g., a digital image with secret content may be compressed as it change hands or as it goes over a low bandwidth link in a wireless network). Uncompressed video data has been utilized by the majority of the video data hiding methods. A big quantity change domain data hiding in MPEG-2 videos is proposed by Sarkar et al. [2].

 Cryptology is procedure of converting plain text to cipher text and vice versa.  Cryptology deals with usage different variety of cryptosystems to encrypt and decrypt the data with the use of a key. Private key cryptographic technique is one in which the same key is used to encrypt and decrypt the message Cryptography and key replace techniques are well described in [3-6].

Steganography, future from the Greek words stegos, meaning cover and graphia which means writing, is the art and knowledge of hiding the fact that communication is taking place. Steganography and cryptography are strongly related. Cryptography scramble messages so they cannot be understand. Steganography on the other hand, will hide the message so there is no information of the existence of the message in the original place .In some situations, sending an encrypted message will arouse misgiving while an invisible message will not do so [7].

                                                                                                                                                               II.         related work

Nithin n, AnunKumar M Bongle G. P. Hegde in [8] have planned Image Encryption based on FEAL algorithm. Quick Encryption Algorithm an encryption/decryption policy for gray scale images is proposed. The FEAL is also called block cipher Encryption algorithm. FEAL works nearly like Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm, but it is quicker than DES. The proposed image encryption algorithm is estimation based on histogram learning and key indifference analysis and results obtained are satisfactory. This algorithm has one big drawback; Encryption technique should be not secure enough even if there is little alteration in secret key real image outline is produced after 80% key matching.

Abirand Ali in [9] has proposed a novel chaos-based algorithm for image encryption. at first image pixel points are shuffled using 2D chaotic map. The originality of the image encryption lies in the integration of chaotic substitution technique based on DNA coding and the harmonizing rule. To calculate the security of the proposed method authors have conducted relationship test, information entropy study, histogram study, and key sensitivity analysis and difference analysis between original and encrypted image. This method concludes with effect that “chaotic DNA exchange method enhances the numerical properties of the encrypted image”.

        Xin Zhanga, Weibin Chenn [10]  have proposed a latest Chaotic Algorithm for Image Encryption.  The chaos-based image cryptosystem typically consists of two stages [2]. The pure image is given at its input. There are various stages in the chaos based image cryptosystem. [a]misunderstanding and [b] diffusion. The confusion period is the pixel permutation where the point of the pixels is scrambled over the complete image without disturbing the significance of the pixels and the image becomes unrecognizable. The chaotic behavior is controlled by the early condition and control parameters which are resulting from the 16-character key.In second stage of the encryption Process we are going to change the value of each and every pixel in the whole image an most important device to protect image from attackers. This method has a big disadvantage image size and pixel ratio is increased evaluate than FEAL Algorithm.

 Steganography are being paid more import day by day. Though steganography is a extremely old method of embedding information behind some object, but still this is very efficient for secure data move and data exchange. Today this method is used for digital objects like text, audio, video and images [15]. Some technician develop Secret image is first encrypted by using BLOWFISH algorithm which has extremely good recital and is a most controlling technique compared to other Algorithms type of algorithm (ex AES, DES, RSA) [16]. The video segmentation is a technique of detecting changing frames in video and one of the essential techniques required for able management of video data [17] several video segmentation algorithms have been proposed[18].

                                                                                                                                             III.        proposed methodology

The implementation stage involves secure planning, implementation, investigation of the existing system and it’s constraints on implementation, scheming of methods to achieve exchange and estimate of changeover methods. For more security provided by steganography techniques.

The main aim of the proposed system is to send text message and file behind a video which is imperceptible for human being eye. Here the system is proposed for high authority, robust and Information Hiding the in DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) domain. A latest encoding method called Class Dependent Coding Scheme (CDCS) is used to raise the embedding capacity, which can communicate the same information using fewer number of bits [11]. High imperceptibility is achieved by selecting well-organized DCT blocks for Embedding data using energy thresholding scheme. On analysis, of a digitized video before and after a message was inserted [11], will show video files that appeared to have no extensive visual differences. The DCT is used to embed the box file, which casts embedded data into the chosen region in the DCT domain [12]. Embed the file in the selected section gives increase to invisibility.

     Text Processing two processes, encryption and decryption together form the cryptographic process. For ensuring security, the Data are encrypted by the sender before transmitting them and are decrypted by the receiver after receiving them so that only the sender and the future person can see the satisfied in the image. Blowfish algorithm which uses a key of variable size up to 448 bits. Blowfish symmetric block cipher algorithm encrypts block data of 64-bits at a time

A.    Blowfish Algorithm

Blowfish algorithm uses a Feistel network for data encryption which iterates the purpose 16 times. Each about include a key needy permutation and data dependent changeover. Process of data encryption and the different steps in encryption are described below as  

Split the 64 bit block into two equivalent blocks having 32 bits size each (XL and XR).

The left block XL is XOR’d with primary constituent of P-block, and thus obtained result is fed to the F function. 1 P

In the F function block, substitution operation is carried out where the given 32 bit input is transformed into another 32 bit output.

The output from F block is XOR’d with right half XR and the results obtained are swapped as shown in the Figure.1

After completing each round successfully, the so formed right half become the new left half or vice versa.

These steps are continued up to 16 rounds.

 The last left and right halves are not swapped but XOR’d with seventeenth and eighteenth P box elements.

So obtain effect is the cipher text which is non comprehensible to outsiders and attackers

Figure.1  blowfish flow

B.   Class Dependent Coding Schema

 Three different non extend beyond special classes.

     Class A  (most frequently appearing character set in secret message),

     Class B (Average frequently appearing) and

     Class C (Less frequently appearing characters).

    Only capital letters, alphanumeric and few special characters will further reduce the number of bits. Needed to represent each character in each class.  Encoding technique based on Huffman encoding schema. We have designed variable length code to represent each class A message “telemedicine” needs only of 61 numbers of bits with CDCS as compared to 84 bits with ASCII. Here we have saved 23 bits (27.38 % saving). This saving can further be increase with increase in message length as well as increase in number of redundancy. The CDCS scheme is not only saving the number of bits per character but also provides security.

m = ( N₁+2 N₂+2 N₃ )+4h          (1)

where,     h= N₁+ N₂+ N₃              (2)

                                                                                                                          

      Table I . If N1, N2 and N3 are the whole number of characters belong to Class A, Class B and Class C respectively, Total number of bits to be embedded is given by below table

      This bit alignment saving can more be increase in message length as well as increase in amount of redundancy. The CDCS scheme is not only saving the quantity of bits per character but also provides protection [20].

Class	Class code	Length
A	1	1-bit
B	00	2-bit
C	01	3-bit

Table I.

Table I  Class data size variation

B.    Discrete Cosine Transform

 DCT is like a encoder and decoder. The first stage of image compression is DCT [11] encoder. It consists of FDCT, quantize, and entropy encoder. The second stage is DCT decoder [13][14]. It consists of entropy decoder, debutanizer and inverse mapped.

·         The input image is N by M

·         f(i,j) is the strength of the pixel in row i and column j;

·         F(u,           v) is the DCT coefficient row k1 and column k2 of the DCT.

·         For most images, much of the indication power lies at less frequencies; these appear in the higher left corner    of  the DCT.

             (1)

For u,v = 0,1,2,3,….7

                                                                                                      (2)

For x,y = 0,1,2,3,….7

·         Compression is achieved since the lesser right values represent upper frequencies, and are often small - small enough to be neglected with small visible distortion

·         The DCT input is an 8 by 8 array of integers. This array contain  pixel's gray scale level;

8 bit pixels have levels from 0 to 255.

(i)  Steps Required dispatcher

·         Select Real input video file uncompressed format

·         Extract video frames select frames (Images) by frames (images) automatically to hide find the free space on the image pixel using DCT

·         To encrypt the secured data of file using blowfish algorithm with secured Key Value.

·         Automatically embedding the selected (encrypted cipher text) to detected free space on selected frame

·         This embedding steps using DCT and CDCS technique, DCT using embedding event and CDCS used to increase data length and data security.

·         Finally getting secured Steganography video file that video definitely viewable format. shown in the Figure.2

Figure.2  Dispatcher Side Process Flow to Create Steno Video

(ii) Steps Required Recipient

·         Receive the stegno video file.

·         Select the Stegno video file.

·         Enter the Secure Key value for before retrieving information

·         Extract all frames and select Stegno frames

·         frames one by one  from Stegno video file

·         To divide the real video file and secure data from Stegno video file .shown in the Figure.3

·         Then save or read the real secure data

·         End

Fig ure.3 Recipient Side Process Flow to retrieve secure information from Stego video

IV EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

This Current system workings on uncompressed grayscale video, but as the video is uncompressed file volume is more this puts limitation on memory. This system is not lossless and reversible as embedding data in frame results in a stable distortion of the original frame or concealed data but within suitable range. This technique video or frame are not loss this real shape or streaming after embedding secure data in video file.

Related results are here getting some video into an single frame only:

Result 1: Embedding Process

      The above frame is selected real video (single frame) that uncompressed video frame. After developed an embedding event with use of DCT, CDCS and Blowfish algorithm with secret key value embedding event done for selected video file. shown in the Figure.4

Fig ure.4 Original image uncompressed image

      .

         Embedding Event = Video +(Secret information + Secret Key)

Example:                                                                                             Video=film.3gp                                                                                Secure-information=hello                                                                      Secret key=lakka123                                                Output=stegnofilm.3gp

Result 1: Retrieving Process

     After Embedding event done after transfer video file for Recipient.Recipient is selecting the Stegno-video and extract frame (to select single Frame foe ex below frame) that is compressed Video frame, but not changing for viewable format at same time that frame have a encrypted secret data inside the frame.When recipient put the secret key then the user got real information from the select video. After retrieving the information at time also that video viewable.

Retrieving Event=Stegno video-(Encrypted Message-secure key)  Real data=stegnofilm.3gp-(Secret encrypted data-lakka123) Real data =hello

      That same time data file also embedding and retrieving in video file in same procedure. shown in the Figure.5

Figure.5  Stegno image compressed image

      This Proposed Technique embedding user secure information or data hidden into the video file use of secure key value. When recipient trying to retrieving secure information embedding video file put the 100% real secure key then only recipient get full secure data otherwise got an Error message and just use Stego video or Segno frame for is fully viewable.

Result 2:The Result 1 Procedure followed same lifecycle another video file and another selected frame. Original image uncompressed image as shown in the Figure.6

Figure.6  Original image uncompressed image

Segno image compressed image as shown in the Figure.7

Figure.7 Segno image compressed image

        This technique using an three main method that is like a DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), CDCS (Class Dependent Coding Schemes) and blowfish algorithm.

V.   CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

        The proposed methodology is a Information Hiding technique for provides high Information Hiding strength and robustness against the attacks such as compression and tampering. The benefit of the future method is that the embedded message could still be extract after common image processing attacks like compression done at video level and tampering done at frame level. This development simulation results almost similar to the thesis analysis. In future this thesis can be enhanced in the way to generate key for automatically using user data(Ex ,name ,DOB) In this key used to AES algorithm do an encryption and decryption process , And also support on 3gp and  avi video formats future develop on other video formats like mp4, mkv etc. Further this work can be improved by making the feature available for multiple video formats.

                                                                                                                                                        IV.        Acknowledgment

The authors would like to thank the  CS department and anonymous reviewers and associate editor for their comments that greatly improved the manuscript

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